European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
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The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe. It only applies to languages traditionally used by the nationals of the State Parties (thus excluding languages used by recent immigrants from other states), which significantly differ from the majority or official language (thus excluding what the state party wishes to consider as mere local dialects of the official or majority language) and which either have a territorial basis (and are therefore traditionally spoken by populations of regions or areas within the State) or are used by linguistic minorities within the State as a whole (thereby including such languages as Yiddish and Romani, which are used over a wide geographic area).
Languages which are official within regions or provinces or federal units within a State (for example Catalan in Spain) are not classified as official languages of the State and may therefore benefit from the Charter. On the other hand, the Republic of Ireland has not been able to sign the Charter on behalf of the Irish language (although a minority language) as it is defined as the first official language of the state. The United Kingdom has, though, ratified the Charter in respect of (among other languages) Irish in Northern Ireland. France, although a signatory has been constitutionally blocked from ratifying the Charter in respect of the languages of France.
The charter provides a large number of different actions state parties can take to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages. There are two levels of protection—all signatories must apply the lower level of protection to qualifying languages; signatories may further declare that a qualifying language or languages will benefit from the higher level of protection which lists a range of actions from which states must agree to undertake at least 35.
[edit] Languages protected under the Charter
The countries which have ratified the Charter and the languages for which the ratification was made are the following:
[edit] Notes and references
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- ^ Austria has ratified the Charter for each language in respect of specific Länder
- ^ Notes Verbales accompanying the Danish ratification specified that, whilst the Charter was not going to be ratified in respect of the two languages, Faroese and Greenlandic are each official in their respective territories
- ^ Germany has ratified the Charter for each language in respect of specific Länder
- ^ Luxembourg is not listed on the Council of Europe site
- ^ Report clarifying Norway's implementation of the Charter
- ^ Ratified as Serbia and Montenegro on December 22, 2005
- ^ USVOJENA EVROPSKA POVELJA O REGIONALNIM ILI MANJINSKIM JEZICIMA
- ^ As of[update] July 2007, Ukraine's entry on the Council of Europe site states the following Ukraine declares that the provisions of the Charter shall apply to the languages of the following ethnic minorities of Ukraine : Byelorussian, Bulgarian, Gagauz, Greek, Jewish, Crimean Tatar, Moldavian, German, Polish, Russian, Romanian, Slovak and Hungarian.
[edit] See also
- European languages
- Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
- Languages of the European Union
- Language policy in France
- Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights
- Vergonha
[edit] External links
- European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages page (Legal Affairs, Council of Europe)
- More information
- Eurolang (News agency about minority languages in Europe)
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