Exxon Valdez
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 The Exxon Valdez, 1989 |
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| Career (USA) |  |
|---|---|
| Name: | Exxon Valdez |
| Namesake: | The port of Valdez, Alaska |
| Owner: | Exxon Corporation |
| Builder: | National Steel and Shipbuilding Company, San Diego |
| Laid down: | 24 July 1985 |
| Launched: | 14 October 1986 |
| In service: | 11 December 1986 |
| Renamed: | Sea River Mediterranean |
| Refit: | June 30, 1989 |
| Fate: | Repaired and transferred to Marshall Islands register. |
| Career (Marshall Islands) |  |
| Name: | Sea River Mediterranean |
| Owner: | Exxon Corporation |
| In service: | 1989 |
| Renamed: | Sea River Mediterranean S/R Mediterranean Mediterranean |
| Status: | Currently operating in East Asia |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | VLCC |
| Displacement: | 211,469 tons (214,862 metric tons) |
| Length: | 301 m (987.5 ft) |
| Beam: | 51 m (166.24 ft) |
| Draft: | 20 m (64.63 ft) |
| Installed power: | 31,650 bhp (23,601kW) at 79rpm |
| Propulsion: | Eight-cylinder, reversible, slow-speed Sulzer marine diesel engine. |
| Speed: | 16.25 knots (30.10 km/h; 18.70 mph) |
| Capacity: | 1.48 million barrels (235,000 m³) of crude oil |
| Crew: | 21 |
Exxon Valdez was the original name (later Sea River Mediterranean and eventually Mediterranean) of an oil tanker owned by the former Exxon Shipping Company, a division of the former Exxon Corporation. It gained widespread infamy after the March 24, 1989 oil spill in which the tanker, captained by Joseph Hazelwood and bound for Long Beach, California, hit Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef and spilled an estimated 10.8 million US gallons (40.9 million liters) of crude oil. This has been recorded as one of the largest spills in U.S. history and one of the largest ecological disasters.[1]
The vessel was built by National Steel and Shipbuilding Company in San Diego. A relatively new tanker at the time of the spill, it was delivered to Exxon in December 1986. The tanker is 300 m long, 50 m wide, and 27 m in depth (987 ft by 166 ft by 88 ft), weighing 30,000 tons empty and powered by a 31,650 shp (23.60 MW) diesel engine. The ship can transport a maximum of 1.48 million barrels (200,000 t) at a sustained speed of 16.25 knots (30 km/h). Its hull design is of the single-hull type.
At the time of the spill it was employed to transport crude oil from the Alyeska consortium's pipeline terminal in Valdez, Alaska, to the lower 48 states of the United States. The vessel was carrying about 1.26 million barrels, or about 53 million US gallons (200 million liters), of oil at the time it ran aground. After the spill, the Exxon Valdez was towed to San Diego, arriving on June 10, 1989, and repairs began on June 30, 1989. Approximately 1,600 tons of steel were removed and replaced that July, totaling $30 million of repairs to the tanker. Its single-hull design remained unaltered.
After being repaired, the Valdez was renamed the Sea River Mediterranean, later shortened to S/R Mediterranean, then to simply Mediterranean. Although Exxon tried briefly to return the ship to its North American fleet, it was prohibited by law from returning to Prince William Sound.[2] It then served in Europe, the Middle East and Asia.[3] In 2002, the ship was again removed from service.[4] Exxon-Mobil proceeded to sell it to a SeaRiver Maritime International Inc., a Houston-based shipping concern.[5] In 2005, it began operating under the Marshall Islands flag of convenience[6] Since then, European Union regulations have also prevented vessels with single-hull designs such as the Valdez from entering European ports.[7] It is currently in service in East Asia.
On August 27, 2008, Exxon Mobil agreed to pay 75% of the $507.5 million damages ruling to settle the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill off Alaska.[8]
A ship bearing the name Exxon Valdez makes an appearance in the 1995 film Waterworld, as the "Smokers'" oil carrying vessel.
[edit] References
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions About the Spill". Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. Retrieved on 2008-09-21.
- ^ Musgrave, Ruth S. (1998). Federal Wildlife Laws Handbook with Related Laws. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group. ISBN 9780865875579.
- ^ http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20021017&slug=newexxon17
- ^ "The former Exxon Valdez faces retirement" By Robert Little, Baltimore Sun, October 17, 2002. http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20021017&slug=newexxon17
- ^ "9th Circuit bars Exxon Valdez from operating", By David Kravets, The Associated Press,November 01, 2002. http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2002-11-01/article/15814?headline=9th-Circuit-bars-Exxon-Valdez-from-operating
- ^ http://www.coltoncompany.com/newsandcomment/headlines/headlines2005q1.htm
- ^ "Only Double Hull Tankers Now Into EU Ports" By Tanker World, May 3, 2007
- ^ Wakabayashi, Daisuke (2008-08-27). "Exxon agrees to pay out 75 percent of Valdez damages", Thomson Reuters. Retrieved on 20 September 2008.
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