Fastback - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fastback

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For other uses, see Fastback (disambiguation).
Low-drag fastback: 1949 Saab 92
Art Deco fastback: 1935 Stout Scarab
Finned fastback: 1936–1950 Tatra T87
1946 GAZ-M20 Pobeda (1944 mockup shown)
1950 Chevrolet, one of several American fastbacks
Four door fastback: Citroën CX
Rear-engined fastback: Porsche 356
GT fastback: race-prepared 1966 Toyota 2000GT
Hardtop fastback: 1967 Rambler Marlin
Fastback pony car: 1968 Ford Mustang
Small fastback: Fiat 127 first series
1951 FSO Warszawa
Modern fastback: Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class

A fastback is a car body style whose roofline slopes continuously down at the back. The word can also designate the car itself.[1][2] The style is seen on two-door coupés as well as four-door sedans.

Automobile designs that were ahead of their time when exhibited during the early 1930s included "teardrop streamlining at the rear, similar to what would become known as 'fastback' 25 years later."[3] 'Fastback' was first recognized as a definition by Merriam-Webster in 1954, many years before the term 'hatchback' was popularized and entered the dictionary in 1970.[4] Opinions vary as to whether the terms are mutually exclusive.

A contributor to an automotive-interest website singles out the unusual Stout Scarab from the early 1930s as "[p]ossibly the epitome of the early fastback definition". [5] The Packard 1106 Twelve Aero Sport Coupe, [6] introduced in 1933, is cited elsewhere as a fastback that foreshadowed trends which continued into the 1940s.[7]

Early European fastback automobiles include: Bugatti Type 57 Atlantic, Porsche 356, Saab 92/96, Standard Vanguard, GAZ-M20 Pobeda, and Bentley Continental R-Type.

Numerous fastbacks were also made in America, where the style was previously called "torpedo back".[8] They included Cadillac's Series 61 and 62 Club Coupes as well as various models from General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler.

At a 2007 U.S. car show, entries from the mid-1930s to the mid-1950s in a class called "Fabulous Fastbacks" included Nash Ambassador, Buick Roadmaster and Hudson Commodore models.[5]

At a 2007 concours d'élégance in England, a similarly-named class for 1950s cars attracted examples from Maserati, [9] Lancia, [10] Fiat [11] and Ferrari. [12]

Contents

[edit] Aerodynamic advantages

Fastbacks provide an advantage in developing aerodynamic vehicles with a low drag coefficient.[13] The Kamm tail is a related concept.

The trend towards a more steeply raked rear window on traditional "three-box" sedans blurs the distinction between fastback and notchback designs. The current Lexus LS460 exemplifies the trend.[citation needed] However, the roof of a true fastback design slopes down continuously to the rear, most often to the base of the trunk at the rear bumper. There is no distinct change of angle to a rear deck, whereas most four-door cars with steeply raked rear windows have less angled trunk lids; also high tails to maximize cargo space.

In 2008, the fastback design appeared on a concept car that almost defies categorization, the Chrysler ecoVoyager, that "Jack Telnack, former design chief for the Ford Motor Company, declared, 'It’s a fastback van.'"[14] New types of crossover vehicles and different body proportions made possible by technological advances and new powerplants, are changing the shape of automobiles. Traditional nomenclature describing distinct vehicle bodies, such as the three-box sedan (engine compartment, passenger cabin and trunk) will vanish.[14]

[edit] Comparison with hatchback and liftback cars

When the rear window of a car with a fastback profile is integral to a lid or 'fifth door' (i.e. a hatch) giving access to the trunk area, the car may also fit the classification of hatchback or liftback. (The Rover 800 is an example.) Road & Track's definition of a fastback addresses this distinction: "A closed body style, usually a coupe but sometimes a sedan, with a roof sloped gradually in an unbroken line from the windshield to the rear edge of the car. A fastback naturally lends itself to a hatchback configuration and many have it, but not all hatchbacks are fastbacks and vice versa."[15]

Some small family cars have evolved over time from fastbacks into liftbacks without altering their profile - the Fiat 127, Volkswagen Passat, and Citroën GS for example.

[edit] Examples of two-door fastback cars

[edit] Examples of four-door fastback cars

[edit] See also

Sister project Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fastbacks

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ fastback. (2008). Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved on August 14, 2008.
  2. ^ fastback. The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English 2008, originally published by Oxford University Press. Retrieved on August 14, 2008.
  3. ^ Georgano, Nick N. (editor) (2000). The Beaulieu encyclopedia of the automobile. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 960. ISBN 9781579582937. http://books.google.com/books?id=bxMUKaqcUPoC&pg=RA1-PA960&dq=fastback+automobile+origin&ei=9UekSIWuNqXKjgHvsuj6BA&sig=ACfU3U2x66dFaaC7O3xIU32-MyNr1TW_TA. 
  4. ^ hatchback. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  5. ^ a b Clements, Rob. "EyesOn Design 2007," Report and images for Ultimatecarpage.com, retrieved on August 14, 2008.
  6. ^ Packard 1106 Twelve Aero Sport Coupe photo, retrieved on August 15 2008
  7. ^ Adler, Dennis (2004). Packard. MotorBooks/MBI. p. 960. ISBN 9780760319284. http://books.google.com/books?id=9VByLctg5UAC&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=Packard+fastback&source=web&ots=cM5rlF1ukc&sig=bn6M5KkEU2yJQeOmcMxJLAckwj0&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=16&ct=result. 
  8. ^ "The Forty-Niners", Time magazine January 24 1949. Retrieved on June 20, 2008.
  9. ^ 1954 Maserati A6G54 Zagato photograph. Retrieved on August 15 2008.
  10. ^ circa 1958 Lancia Flaminia Zagato photograph. Retrieved on August 15 2008.
  11. ^ 1958 Fiat 8V photograph. Retrieved on August 15 2008.
  12. ^ Ferrari 250 GT Tour de France photograph. Retrieved on August 15 2008.
  13. ^ Noffsinger, Ken R. "The G-Series Wind Tunnel Test Report" retrieved on 2008-05-23.
  14. ^ a b Patton, Phil. "Looking at the Slope of Things to Come," The New York Times, January 20, 2008, retrieved on August 14, 2008.
  15. ^ Dinkel, John (2000). Road & Track Illustrated Automotive Dictionary, Bentley. ISBN 0-8376-0143-6.
  16. ^ King, Jenny. "EyesOn Design show focuses on breathtaking aerodynamics" Detroit News, June 26, 2007, retrieved on August 14, 2008.
  17. ^ "1934, 1935, 1936 and 1937 Pierce-Arrows" by the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide of Consumer Guide, June 20, 2007, retrieved on August 14, 2008.
  18. ^ Gunnell, John: Catalogue of Cadillac 1903-2005 p. 136. KP Books 2005, ISBN 0-87349-289-7
  19. ^ Jay Leno’s Garage "1950 Martin Stationette" article dated March 15, 2008. Retrieved on May 31, 2008.
  20. ^ Smale, Glen: "The sleek fastback shape of the rear bodywork..." Jaguar E-type: Portrait of a design icon p. 77, Haynes Publishing 2007. ISBN 1-8442-338-4
  21. ^ Thorley, Nigel: "roof slopes back (fastback) to form a side-opening door with...rear screen..." (author’s parentheses) Jaguar All the Cars p. 71, Haynes Publishing 2005, ISBN 1-84425-001-6
  22. ^ "1933 Pierce-Arrow Silver Arrow" by the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide of Consumer Guide, June 20, 2007, retrieved on August 14, 2008.
  23. ^ "How Tucker Cars Work" by the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide, June 13, 2007, retrieved on August 14, 2008.

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