Federal subjects of Russia

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Russia is a federation which consists of 83 subjects.^[1] These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia). However, they do differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. Autonomous okrugs, while federal subjects in their own right, are, at the same time, considered to be administrative divisions of other federal subjects (with Chukotka Autonomous Okrug being the only exception).

[edit] Types of federal subjects of Russia

Each subject of the federation belongs to one of the following categories:

	21 republics (республики, sing. республика; respubliki, sing. respublika)—nominally autonomous, each has its own constitution, president and parliament; is represented by the federal government in international affairs; and is meant to be home to a specific ethnic minority.
	46 oblasts (provinces) (области, sing. область; oblasti, sing. oblast)—most common, regular administrative units with federally appointed governor and locally elected legislature. Commonly named after the oblast center—the largest city in the oblast, its administrative center.
	9 krais (territories) (края, sing. край; kraya, sing. krai or kray, the latter being less common)—essentially the same as oblasts. The title "territory" is historic, originally given because they were once considered frontier regions.
	1 autonomous oblast (autonomous province) (автономная область; avtonomnaya oblast) (The Jewish Autonomous Oblast)
	4 autonomous okrugs (autonomous districts) (автономные округа, sing. автономный округ; avtonomnyye okruga, sing. avtonomny okrug)—more autonomous than oblasts but less than republics; usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
	2 federal cities (cities under direct jurisdiction of the Federation) (федеральные города, sing. федеральный город; federalnyye goroda, sing. federalny gorod)—major cities that function as separate regions.

[edit] List of federal subjects

The subjects have both numerical codes and two- or three-letter ISO 3166-2:RU codes. The numerical codes span from 01 to 89, although 6 of them are no longer in use after mergers.

Code	Name	Capital or administrative center	Largest city	Federal district	Economic region	Area (km²)^[2]	Population^[3]
01	Republic of Adygea	Maykop		Southern	North Caucasus	7,600	447,109
02	Republic of Bashkortostan	Ufa		Volga	Urals	143,600	4,104,336
03	Buryat Republic	Ulan-Ude		Siberian	East Siberian	351,300	981,238
04	Altai Republic	Gorno-Altaysk		Siberian	West Siberian	92,600	202,947
05	Republic of Dagestan	Makhachkala		Southern	North Caucasus	50,300	2,576,531
06	Republic of Ingushetia	Magas	Nazran	Southern	North Caucasus	4,000	467,294
07	Kabardino-Balkar Republic	Nalchik		Southern	North Caucasus	12,500	901,494
08	Republic of Kalmykia	Elista		Southern	Volga	76,100	292,410
09	Karachay-Cherkess Republic	Cherkessk		Southern	North Caucasus	14,100	439,470
10	Republic of Karelia	Petrozavodsk		Northwestern	Northern	172,400	716,281
11	Komi Republic	Syktyvkar		Northwestern	Northern	415,900	1,018,674
12	Mari El Republic	Yoshkar-Ola		Volga	Volga-Vyatka	23,200	727,979
13	Republic of Mordovia	Saransk		Volga	Volga-Vyatka	26,200	888,766
14	Sakha (Yakutia) Republic	Yakutsk		Far Eastern	Far Eastern	3,103,200	949,280
15	Republic of North Ossetia-Alania	Vladikavkaz		Southern	North Caucasus	8,000	710,275
16	Republic of Tatarstan	Kazan		Volga	Volga	68,000	3,779,265
17	Tyva Republic	Kyzyl		Siberian	East Siberian	170,500	305,510
18	Udmurt Republic	Izhevsk		Volga	Urals	42,100	1,570,316
19	Republic of Khakassia	Abakan		Siberian	East Siberian	61,900	546,072
20	Chechen Republic	Grozny		Southern	North Caucasus	15,300	1,103,686
21	Chuvash Republic-Chuvashia	Cheboksary		Volga	Volga-Vyatka	18,300	1,313,754
22	Altai Krai	Barnaul		Siberian	West Siberian	169,100	2,607,426
92	Zabaykalsky Krai	Chita		Siberian	East Siberian	431,500	1,155,346
91	Kamchatka Krai	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky		Far Eastern	Far Eastern	472,300	358,801
23	Krasnodar Krai	Krasnodar		Southern	North Caucasus	76,000	5,125,221
24	Krasnoyarsk Krai	Krasnoyarsk		Siberian	East Siberian	2,339,700	2,966,042
90	Perm Krai	Perm		Volga	Urals	160,600	2,819,421
25	Primorsky Krai	Vladivostok		Far Eastern	Far Eastern	165,900	2,071,210
26	Stavropol Krai	Stavropol		Southern	North Caucasus	66,500	2,735,139
27	Khabarovsk Krai	Khabarovsk		Far Eastern	Far Eastern	788,600	1,436,570
28	Amur Oblast	Blagoveshchensk		Far Eastern	Far Eastern	363,700	902,844
29	Arkhangelsk Oblast	Arkhangelsk		Northwestern	Northern	587,400	1,336,539
30	Astrakhan Oblast	Astrakhan		Southern	Volga	44,100	1,005,276
31	Belgorod Oblast	Belgorod		Central	Central Black Earth	27,100	1,511,620
32	Bryansk Oblast	Bryansk		Central	Central	34,900	1,378,941
33	Vladimir Oblast	Vladimir		Central	Central	29,000	1,523,990
34	Volgograd Oblast	Volgograd		Southern	Volga	113,900	2,699,223
35	Vologda Oblast	Vologda	Cherepovets	Northwestern	Northern	145,700	1,269,568
36	Voronezh Oblast	Voronezh		Central	Central Black Earth	52,400	2,378,803
37	Ivanovo Oblast	Ivanovo		Central	Central	21,800	1,148,329
38	Irkutsk Oblast	Irkutsk		Siberian	East Siberian	767,900	2,581,705
39	Kaliningrad Oblast	Kaliningrad		Northwestern	Kaliningrad	15,100	955,281
40	Kaluga Oblast	Kaluga		Central	Central	29,900	1,041,641
42	Kemerovo Oblast	Kemerovo	Novokuznetsk	Siberian	West Siberian	95,500	2,899,142
43	Kirov Oblast	Kirov		Volga	Volga-Vyatka	120,800	1,503,529
44	Kostroma Oblast	Kostroma		Central	Central	60,100	736,641
45	Kurgan Oblast	Kurgan		Urals	Urals	71,000	1,019,532
46	Kursk Oblast	Kursk		Central	Central Black Earth	29,800	1,235,091
47	Leningrad Oblast	None^[4]	Gatchina	Northwestern	Northwestern	84,500	1,669,205
48	Lipetsk Oblast	Lipetsk		Central	Central Black Earth	24,100	1,213,499
49	Magadan Oblast	Magadan		Far Eastern	Far Eastern	461,400	182,726
50	Moscow Oblast	None^[5]	Balashikha	Central	Central	45,900	6,618,538
51	Murmansk Oblast	Murmansk		Northwestern	Northern	144,900	892,534
52	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast	Nizhny Novgorod		Volga	Volga-Vyatka	76,900	3,524,028
53	Novgorod Oblast	Veliky Novgorod		Northwestern	Northwestern	55,300	694,355
54	Novosibirsk Oblast	Novosibirsk		Siberian	West Siberian	178,200	2,692,251
55	Omsk Oblast	Omsk		Siberian	West Siberian	139,700	2,079,220
56	Orenburg Oblast	Orenburg		Volga	Urals	124,000	2,179,551
57	Oryol Oblast	Oryol		Central	Central	24,700	860,262
58	Penza Oblast	Penza		Volga	Volga	43,200	1,452,941
60	Pskov Oblast	Pskov		Northwestern	Northwestern	55,300	760,810
61	Rostov Oblast	Rostov-on-Don		Southern	North Caucasus	100,800	4,404,013
62	Ryazan Oblast	Ryazan		Central	Central	39,600	1,227,910
63	Samara Oblast	Samara		Volga	Volga	53,600	3,239,737
64	Saratov Oblast	Saratov		Volga	Volga	100,200	2,668,310
65	Sakhalin Oblast	Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk		Far Eastern	Far Eastern	87,100	546,695
66	Sverdlovsk Oblast	Yekaterinburg		Urals	Urals	194,800	4,486,214
67	Smolensk Oblast	Smolensk		Central	Central	49,800	1,049,574
68	Tambov Oblast	Tambov		Central	Central Black Earth	34,300	1,178,443
69	Tver Oblast	Tver		Central	Central	84,100	1,471,459
70	Tomsk Oblast	Tomsk		Siberian	West Siberian	316,900	1,046,039
71	Tula Oblast	Tula		Central	Central	25,700	1,675,758
72	Tyumen Oblast	Tyumen		Urals	West Siberian	1,435,200	3,264,841
73	Ulyanovsk Oblast	Ulyanovsk		Volga	Volga	37,300	1,382,811
74	Chelyabinsk Oblast	Chelyabinsk		Urals	Urals	87,900	3,603,339
76	Yaroslavl Oblast	Yaroslavl		Central	Central	36,400	1,367,398
77	Moscow	—		Central	Central	1,100	10,382,754
78	Saint Petersburg	—		Northwestern	Northwestern	1,439	4,662,547
79	Jewish Autonomous Oblast	Birobidzhan		Far Eastern	Far Eastern	36,000	190,915
83	Nenets Autonomous Okrug	Naryan-Mar		Northwestern	Northern	176,700	41,546
86	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra	Khanty-Mansiysk	Surgut	Urals	West Siberian	523,100	1,432,817
87	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug	Anadyr		Far Eastern	Far Eastern	737,700	53,824
89	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	Salekhard	Novy Urengoy	Urals	West Siberian	750,300	507,006

[edit] Mergers

Federal subjects of the Russian Federation

Plans existed to merge some of the federal subjects into larger territories, which started in December 2005. No new mergers have been planned since March 2008.

Date of referendum	Date of merger	Merger
December 7, 2003	December 1, 2005	Perm Oblast + Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug → Perm Krai
April 17, 2005	January 1, 2007	Krasnoyarsk Krai + Evenk Autonomous Okrug + Taymyr Autonomous Okrug → Krasnoyarsk Krai
October 23, 2005	July 1, 2007	Kamchatka Oblast + Koryak Autonomous Okrug → Kamchatka Krai
April 16, 2006	January 1, 2008	Irkutsk Oblast + Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug → Irkutsk Oblast
March 11, 2007	March 1, 2008	Chita Oblast + Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug → Zabaykalsky Krai

Further proposals include merging:

Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
Khabarovsk Krai and Jewish Autonomous Oblast;
Tyumen Oblast, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug into Tyumen Krai;
Novosibirsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, and Tomsk Oblast;
Kemerovo Oblast, Altai Republic, and Altai Krai;
the federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg with the oblasts surrounding them (Moscow and Leningrad Oblast, respectively);
Arkhangelsk, Murmansk Oblast, and the Komi Republic join the new subject under the into proposed Republic of Pomor-Nenets;
Magadan Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug;
Yaroslavl Oblast and Kostroma Oblast;
Krasnodar Krai and Adygea;
Ingushetia and Chechnya.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

^ Конституция Российской Федерации, Статья 65 (Constitution of Russia, Article 65) (Russian). In 1993, when the constitution was adopted, there were 89 subjects listed. Some of them were later merged.
^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved on 2008-04-18.
^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved on 2008-06-23.
^ According to Article 13 of the Charter of Leningrad Oblast, the government bodies of the oblast are located in the city of St. Petersburg. However, St. Petersburg is not officially named to be the administrative center of the oblast.
^ According to Article 24 of the Charter of Moscow Oblast, the government bodies of the oblast are located in the city of Moscow and throughout the territory of Moscow Oblast. However, Moscow is not officially named to be the administrative center of the oblast.

[edit] External links

Russian Classifier of Municipal Entities Territories (OTKMO) (Russian)

[Constitution-0] Конституция Российской Федерации, Статья 65 (Constitution of Russia, Article 65) (Russian). In 1993, when the constitution was adopted, there were 89 subjects listed. Some of them were later merged.

[1] Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved on 2008-04-18.

[2] Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved on 2008-06-23.

[LeningradOblast-3] According to Article 13 of the Charter of Leningrad Oblast, the government bodies of the oblast are located in the city of St. Petersburg. However, St. Petersburg is not officially named to be the administrative center of the oblast.

[MoscowOblast-4] According to Article 24 of the Charter of Moscow Oblast, the government bodies of the oblast are located in the city of Moscow and throughout the territory of Moscow Oblast. However, Moscow is not officially named to be the administrative center of the oblast.

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