Garrett AiResearch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Fate | Acquired |
|---|---|
| Successor | AlliedSignal |
| Founded | 1936 |
| Founder(s) | John Clifford "Cliff" Garrett |
| Headquarters | Los Angeles, United States |
| Industry | Aerospace |
Garrett AiResearch, founded in 1936 by Cliff Garrett, was a manufacturer of turboprop engines and turbochargers, and a pioneer in numerous aerospace technologies. It was previously known as Aircraft Tool and Supply Company, Garrett Supply Company, AiResearch Manufacturing Company, or simply AiResearch. In 1968, Garrett AiResearch merged with Signal Oil & Gas to form Signal Companies, which in 1985 merged with Allied Corp. into AlliedSignal and in 1999 was acquired by Honeywell. Part of the original Garrett-AiResearch became known as the Garrett Turbine Engine Company, and the Garrett Engine Division of AlliedSignal, before becoming a unit of Honeywell. Garrett's automotive turbocharger business became known as Garrett Engine Boosting Systems and in 2004 was renamed Honeywell Turbo Technologies.
Garrett Aviation's service business eventually became Landmark Aviation, later renamed StandardAero, and is not affiliated with Honeywell.[1]
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[edit] History
John Clifford "Cliff" Garrett (b. 1908 in Seattle, WA; d. 1963) founded a company in Los Angeles in 1936 which came to be known as Garrett AiResearch or simply AiResearch.[2] The Company's first major product was an oil cooler for military aircraft. Boeing's B-17 bombers, credited with a major difference in the air war in Europe and the Pacific, were outfitted with Garrett intercoolers. In World War II, the Company produced the cabin pressure system for the B-29 bomber, the first production bomber pressurized for high altitude flying. By the end of World War II, AiResearch engineers had developed air expansion cooling turbines for America's first jet aircraft, the Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star.
By the end of the 1940s Garrett Corporation was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange. "In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Garrett was heavily committed to the design of small gas turbine engines from 20 - 90 horse power (15 - 67 kW). The engineers had developed a good background in the metallurgy of housings, high speed seals, radial inflow turbines, and centrifugal compressors."[3]
On the industrial side, the first T-15 Turbocharger was delivered to the Caterpillar Company in 1955.[4] It was followed by an order for 5,000 production units. "On September 27, 1954, Cliff Garrett made the decision to separate the turbocharger group from the Gas Turbine department due to commercial diesel turbocharger opportunities. That was the beginning of the new AiResearch Industrial Division - for turbocharger design and manufacturing." This new division was established in Phoenix, Arizona.[5] AiResearch Industrial Division would later be renamed Garrett Automotive.
In the 1950s and 1960s Garrett diversified and expanded. Garrett AiResearch designed and produced a wide range of military and industrial products for aerospace and general industry. It focused on fluid controls and hydraulics, avionics, turbochargers, aircraft engines, and environmental control systems for aircraft and spacecraft. Garrett pioneered the development of foil bearings, which became standard equipment on all U.S. military aircraft. In the 1960s, AiResearch Environmental Control Systems provided the life supporting atmosphere for American astronauts in the projects Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and Skylab.
In 1968, after a merger with Signal Oil, Garrett became part of Signal Companies. In 1985, Signal merged with Allied Corp., becoming AlliedSignal. The Garrett Aviation Division was sold to General Electric in 1997 and is now part of Landmark Aviation.[6] AlliedSignal merged with Honeywell in 1999.[7] AlliedSignal's turbine engine business, which included Textron Lycoming's turbine product line from 1994, became part of Honeywell Aerospace.
[edit] Cliff Garrett Award
Since 1984 the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has given an annual Cliff Garrett Turbomachinery and Applications Engineering Award, which "honors Cliff Garrett and the inspiration he provided to engineers by his example, support, encouragement, and many contributions as an aerospace pioneer. To perpetuate recognition of Mr. Garrett's achievements and dedication as an aerospace pioneer, SAE administers an annual lecture by a distinguished authority in the engineering of turbomachinery for on-highway, off-highway, and/or spacecraft and aircraft uses".[8]
[edit] Other
Cliff Garrett was installed in the Arizona Aviation Hall of Fame in 1994.[9]
[edit] Aero engine products
[edit] See also
- Foil bearing
- Honeywell Aerospace
- Honeywell Turbo Technologies
- Garrett Aviation, later Landmark Aviation after a 2004 merger, renamed as StandardAero after a further merger in 2007.[10]
[edit] Citations
- ^ See history of StandardAero, which is owned by Dubai Aerospace Enterprise.
- ^ See "Built on Thin Air," Time Magazine, November 16, 1962, retrieved at http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,829434,00.html. The company was first named Aircraft Tool and Supply Company, then by early 1937 was renamed as Garrett Supply Company, and by 1939, AiResearch and shortly thereafter AiResearch Manufacturing Company, which then became a division within the Garrett Corporation. See Seymour L. Chapin, "Garrett and Pressurized Flight: A Business Built on Thin Air," Pacific Historical Review 35 (August 1966): 329-343; and William A. Schoneberger and Robert R. H. Scholl, Out of Thin Air: Garrett's First 50 Years, Phoenix: Garrett Corporation, 1985.
- ^ Turbocharged Power Systems. For a detailed historical account of Garrett's development of small gas turbines, especially for application in auxiliary power units, and later Garrett's development of turbochargers and propulsion engines, see Richard A. Leyes II and William A. Fleming, The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, No date: Chapter 10. (ISBN 1-56347-332-1).
- ^ "Honeywell Celebrates 100 Years of Turbo; 50th Year of Garrett® Turbocharged Vehicle," Wagner Tech's Mopar Blog, August 2, 2005.
- ^ Turbo History
- ^ Landmark Aviation, which since August 1, 2007 has been owned by Dubai Aerospace Enterprise, specializes in aviation services, not design or manufacturing.
- ^ Honeywell - Our History
- ^ Cliff Garrett Turbomachinery Engineering Award
- ^ http://www.pimaair.org/view.php?pg=8
- ^ See "Dubai Aerospace Buys Standard Aero, Landmark for $1.9B," Defense Industry Daily, August 2, 2007.
[edit] General references
- Gunston, Bill (2005). World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers, 2nd Edition. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited. pp. 164. ISBN 0-7509-3981-8.
[edit] External links
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