ISO 639 macrolanguage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ISO 639 macrolanguage

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ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. In defining some of its language codes, some are defined as macrolanguages covering either significantly different dialects or a net of very closely related languages. There are 56 languages in ISO 639-2 which are considered to be macrolanguages in ISO 639-3. [1]

Some of the macrolanguages had no individual language as defined by 639-3 in ISO 639-2, e.g. 'ara'. Others like 'nor' had their two individual parts (nno,nob) already in 639-2. That means some languages (e.g. 'arb') that were considered by ISO 639-2 to be dialects of one language ('ara') are now in ISO 639-3 in certain contexts considered to be individual languages themselves. This is an attempt to deal with varieties that may be linguistically distinct from each other, but are treated by their speakers as forms of the same language, e.g. in cases of diglossia. For example,

  • Generic Arabic, 639-2 [2]
  • Standard Arabic, 639-3 [3]

Contents

[edit] Types of macrolanguages

  • elements that have no ISO 639-2 code: Only one element: hbs
  • elements that have no ISO 639-1 code: several
  • elements that have two ISO 639-2 codes: fas, msa, sqi, zho
  • elements whose individual languages have ISO 639-1 codes:
    • nor with nn and nb
    • hbs with hr, bs, sr

[edit] List of macrolanguages

This list only includes official data from http://www.sil.org/iso639-3.

ISO 639-1 ISO 639-2 ISO 639-3 Number of individual languages Name of Macrolanguage
ak aka aka 2 Akan language
ar ara ara 30 Arabic language
ay aym aym 2 Aymara language
az aze aze 2 Azerbaijani language
(-) bal bal 3 Baluchi language
(-) bik bik 5 Bikol language
(-) bua bua 3 Buriat language
(-) chm chm 2 Mari language (Russia)
cr cre cre 6 Cree language
(-) del del 2 Delaware language
(-) den den 2 Slave language (Athapascan)
(-) din din 5 Dinka language
(-) doi doi 2 Dogri language (macro)
fa fas/per fas 2 Persian language
ff ful ful 9 Fulah language
(-) gba gba 5 Gbaya language (Central African Republic)
(-) gon gon 2 Gondi language
(-) grb grb 5 Grebo language
gn grn grn 5 Guaraní language
(-) hai hai 2 Haida language
sh (-) hbs 3 Serbo-Croatian language
(-) hmn hmn 21 Hmong language
iu iku iku 2 Inuktitut language
ik ipk ipk 2 Inupiaq language
(-) jrb jrb 5 Judeo-Arabic languages
kr kau kau 3 Kanuri language
(-) kok kok 2 Konkani language (generic)
kv kom kom 2 Komi language
kg kon kon 3 Kongo language
(-) kpe kpe 2 Kpelle language
ku kur kur 3 Kurdish language
(-) lah lah 8 Lahnda language
(-) man man 7 Mandingo language
mg mlg mlg 10 Malagasy language
mn mon mon 2 Mongolian language
ms msa/may msa 13 Malay language (generic)
(-) mwr mwr 6 Marwari language
no nor nor 2 Norwegian language
oc oci oci 5 Occitan language (post 1500); Provençal
oj oji oji 7 Ojibwa language
om orm orm 4 Oromo language
ps pus pus 3 Pushto language
qu que que 44 Quechua language
(-) raj raj 6 Rajasthani language
(-) rom rom 7 Romany language
sq sqi/alb sqi 4 Albanian language
sc srd srd 4 Sardinian language
sw swa swa 2 Swahili language (macrolanguage)
(-) syr syr 2 Syriac language
(-) tmh tmh 4 Tamashek language
uz uzb uzb 2 Uzbek language
yi yid yid 2 Yiddish language
(-) zap zap 58 Zapotec language
za zha zha 2 Zhuang language
zh zho/chi zho 13 Chinese language

[edit] List of macrolanguages and the individual languages

[edit] aaa—ezz

[edit] aka

aka is the ISO 639-3 language code for Akan. Its ISO 639-1 code is ak. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. fat — Fanti
  2. twi — Twi

[edit] ara

ara is the ISO 639-3 language code for Arabic language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ar. There are 30 individual language codes assigned.

  1. aao — Algerian Saharan Arabic
  2. abh — Tajiki Arabic
  3. abv — Baharna Arabic
  4. acm — Mesopotamian Arabic
  5. acq — Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic
  6. acw — Hijazi Arabic
  7. acx — Omani Arabic
  8. acy — Cypriot Arabic
  9. adf — Dhofari Arabic
  10. aeb — Tunisian Arabic
  11. aec — Saidi Arabic
  12. afb — Gulf Arabic
  13. ajp — South Levantine Arabic
  14. apc — North Levantine Arabic
  15. apd — Sudanese Arabic
  16. arb — Standard Arabic
  17. arq — Algerian Arabic
  18. ars — Najdi Arabic
  19. ary — Moroccan Arabic
  20. arz — Egyptian Arabic
  21. auz — Uzbeki Arabic
  22. avl — Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic
  23. ayh — Hadrami Arabic
  24. ayl — Libyan Arabic
  25. ayn — Sanaani Arabic
  26. ayp — North Mesopotamian Arabic
  27. bbz — Babalia Creole Arabic
  28. pga — Sudanese Creole Arabic
  29. shu — Chadian Arabic
  30. ssh — Shihhi Arabic

[edit] aym

aym is the ISO 639-3 language code for Aymara. Its ISO 639-1 code is ay. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. ayr — Central Aymara
  2. ayc — Southern Aymara

[edit] aze

aze is the ISO 639-3 language code for Azerbaijani. Its ISO 639-1 code is az. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. azj — North Azerbaijani
  2. azb — South Azerbaijani

[edit] bal

bal is the ISO 639-3 language code for Baluchi. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bgp — Eastern Balochi
  2. bcc — Southern Balochi
  3. bgn — Western Balochi

[edit] bik

bik is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bikol. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bhk — Albay Bicolano
  2. bcl — Central Bicolano
  3. bto — Iriga Bicolano
  4. cts — Northern Catanduanes Bicolano
  5. bln — Southern Catanduanes Bicolano

[edit] bua

bua is the ISO 639-3 language code for Buriat. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bxu — China Buriat
  2. bxm — Mongolia Buriat
  3. bxr — Russia Buriat

[edit] chm

chm is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mari, a language located in Russia. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. mhr — Eastern Mari
  2. mrj — Western Mari

[edit] cre

cre is the ISO 639-3 language code for Cree. Its ISO 639-1 code is cr. There are 6 individual language codes assigned:

  1. crm — Moose Cree
  2. crl — Northern East Cree
  3. crk — Plains Cree
  4. crj — Southern East Cree
  5. csw — Swampy Cree
  6. cwd — Woods Cree

In addition, there are 6 closely associated individual codes.

  1. nsk — Naskapi (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
  2. moe — Montagnais (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
  3. atj — Atikamekw (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
  4. crg — Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
  5. ojs — Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern) (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
  6. ojw — Ojibwa, Western (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there is 1 other language without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

  1. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)

[edit] del

del is the ISO 639-3 language code for Delaware. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. umu — Munsee
  2. unm — Unami

[edit] den

den is the ISO 639-3 language code for Slave. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. scs — North Slavey
  2. xsl — South Slavey

[edit] din

din is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dinka. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

  1. dip - Northeastern Dinka
  2. diw - Northwestern Dinka
  3. dib - South Central Dinka
  4. dks - Southeastern Dinka
  5. dik - Southwestern Dinka

[edit] doi

doi is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dogri. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. dgo — Dogri (individual language)
  2. xnr — Kangri

[edit] faa—jzz

[edit] fas

fas is the ISO 639-3 language code for Persian. Its ISO 639-1 code is fa. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. prs — Dari Persian
  2. pes — Western Persian

[edit] ful

ful is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for Fulah (also spelled Fula). Its ISO 639-1 code is ff. There are 9 individual language codes assigned for varieties of Fulah:

  1. fub — Adamawa Fulfulde
  2. fui — Bagirmi Fulfulde
  3. fue — Borgu Fulfulde
  4. fuq — Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde
  5. ffm — Maasina Fulfulde
  6. fuv — Nigerian Fulfulde
  7. fuc — Pulaar
  8. fuf — Pular
  9. fuh — Western Niger Fulfulde

[edit] gba

gba is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gbaya located in the Central African Republic. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bdt — Bokoto
  2. gbp — Gbaya-Bossangoa
  3. gbq — Gbaya-Bozoum
  4. gya — Northwest Gbaya
  5. mdo — Southwest Gbaya

[edit] gon

gon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gondi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. gno — Northern Gondi
  2. ggo — Southern Gondi

[edit] grb

grb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Grebo. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

  1. gry — Barclayville Grebo
  2. grv — Central Grebo
  3. gec — Gboloo Grebo
  4. gbo — Northern Grebo
  5. grj — Southern Grebo

[edit] grn

grn is the ISO 639-3 language code for Guarani. Its ISO 639-1 code is gn. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

  1. nhd — Chiripá
  2. gui — Eastern Bolivian Guaraní
  3. gun — Mbyá Guaraní
  4. gug — Paraguayan Guaraní
  5. gnw — Western Bolivian Guaraní

[edit] hai

hai is the ISO 639-3 language code for Haida. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. hdn — Northern Haida
  2. hax — Southern Haida

[edit] hbs

hbs is the ISO 639-3 language code for Serbo-Croatian. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bos — Bosnian
  2. hrv — Croatian
  3. srp — Serbian

[edit] hmn

hmn is the ISO 639-3 language code for Hmong. As of Feb. 2007, 24 individual language codes are included:

  1. hmc — Central Huishui Hmong
  2. hmm — Central Mashan Hmong
  3. cqd — Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao
  4. hme — Eastern Huishui Hmong
  5. hmq — Eastern Qiandong Hmong
  6. muq — Eastern Xiangxi Hmong
  7. hmj — Ge
  8. mww — Hmong Daw
  9. hnj — Hmong Njua
  10. hrm — Horned Miao
  11. hmd — Large Flowery Miao
  12. hml — Luopohe Hmong
  13. huj — Northern Guiyang Hmong
  14. hmi — Northern Huishui Hmong
  15. hmp — Northern Mashan Hmong
  16. hea — Northern Qiandong Miao
  17. sfm — Small Flowery Miao
  18. hmy — Southern Guiyang Hmong
  19. hma — Southern Mashan Hmong
  20. hms — Southern Qiandong Miao
  21. hmg — Southwestern Guiyang Hmong
  22. hmh — Southwestern Huishui Hmong
  23. hmw — Western Mashan Hmong
  24. mmr — Western Xiangxi Miao

[edit] iku

iku is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inuktitut. Its ISO 639-1 code is iu. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. ike — Eastern Canadian Inuktitut
  2. ikt — Western Canadian Inuktitut

[edit] ipk

ipk is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inupiaq. Its ISO 639-1 code is ik. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. esi — North Alaskan Inupiatun
  2. esk — Northwest Alaska Inupiatun

[edit] jrb

jrb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Judeo-Arabic. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

  1. yhd — Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
  2. aju — Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
  3. yud — Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic
  4. ajt — Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
  5. jye — Judeo-Yemeni Arabic

[edit] kaa—ozz

[edit] kau

kau is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for the Kanuri language. Its ISO 639-1 code is kr. There are 3 individual language codes assigned in ISO 639-3 for varieties of Kanuri:

  1. knc — Central Kanuri
  2. kby — Manga Kanuri
  3. krt — Tumari Kanuri

There are 2 other related languages that are not considered part of the macrolanguage under ISO 639:

  1. bms — Bilma Kanuri
  2. kbl — Kanembu

[edit] kln

kln is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kalenjin language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 9 individual language codes assigned:

  1. eyo — Keiyo
  2. sgc — Kipsigis
  3. enb — Markweeta
  4. niq — Nandi
  5. oki — Okiek
  6. pko — Pökoot
  7. spy — Sabaot
  8. tec — Terik
  9. tuy — Tugen

[edit] kok

kok is the ISO 639-3 language code for Konkani macrolanguage. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

  1. gom — Goan Konkani (has official recognition as an independent language)
  2. knn — Konkani language (no official recognition, treated by some linguists as a dialect of Marathi)

Both languages are referred to as Konkani by their respective speakers.

[edit] kom

kom is the ISO 639-3 language code for Komi. Its ISO 639-1 code is kv. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. koi — Komi-Permyak
  2. kpv — Komi-Zyrian

[edit] kon

kon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kongo. Its ISO 639-1 code is kg. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

  1. kng — Koongo
  2. ldi — Laari
  3. kwy — San Salvador Kongo

[edit] kpe

kpe is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kpelle language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

  1. gkp — Guinea Kpelle
  2. xpe — Liberia Kpelle

[edit] kur

kur is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kurdish. Its ISO 639-1 code is ku. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

  1. ckb — Central Kurdish
  2. kmr — Northern Kurdish
  3. sdh — Southern Kurdish

[edit] lah

lah is the ISO 639-3 language code for Lahnda language. There are 8 individual language codes assigned.

  1. jat — Jakati
  2. xhe — Khetrani
  3. pmu — Mirpur Panjabi
  4. hno — Northern Hindko
  5. phr — Pahari-Potwari
  6. skr — Seraiki
  7. hnd — Southern Hindko
  8. pnb — Western Panjabi

[edit] luy

luy is the ISO 639-3 language code for Luyia language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 14 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bxk — Bukusu
  2. nle — East Nyala
  3. ida — Idakho (Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki)
  4. lkb — Kabras
  5. lko — Khayo
  6. lks — Kisa
  7. rag — Logooli
  8. lri — Marachi
  9. lrm — Marama
  10. nyd — Nyore
  11. lsm — Saamia
  12. lts — Tachoni
  13. lto — Tsotso
  14. lwg — Wanga

[edit] man

man is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mandingo language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.

  1. emk — Eastern Maninkakan
  2. myq — Forest Maninka
  3. mwk — Kita Maninkakan
  4. mku — Konyanka Maninka
  5. mnk — Mandinka
  6. msc — Sankaran Maninka
  7. mlq — Western Maninkakan

[edit] mlg

mlg is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malagasy. Its ISO 639-1 code is mg. There are 10 individual language codes assigned:

  1. xmv — Antankarana Malagasy
  2. bhr — Bara Malagasy
  3. msh — Masikoro Malagasy
  4. bmm — Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
  5. plt — Plateau Malagasy
  6. skg — Sakalava Malagasy
  7. bjq — Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
  8. tdx — Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy
  9. txy — Tanosy Malagasy
  10. xmw — Tsimihety Malagasy

[edit] mon

mon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mongolian. Its ISO 639-1 code is mn. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. khk — Halh Mongolian
  2. mvf — Peripheral Mongolian

[edit] msa

msa is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malay. Its ISO 639-1 code is ms. There are 13 individual language codes assigned:

  1. btj — Bacanese Malay
  2. bve — Berau Malay
  3. bvu — Bukit Malay
  4. coa — Cocos Islands Malay
  5. jax — Jambi Malay
  6. meo — Kedah Malay
  7. mqg — Kota Bangun Kutai Malay
  8. mly — Malay (specific)
  9. xmm — Manado Malay